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Endometrial Polyp

Endometrial Polyp

An endometrial polyp is a small, soft growth that forms on the inner lining of the uterus (endometrium). These growths are usually noncancerous but can cause irregular bleeding, heavy periods, spotting between cycles, or difficulty conceiving. Because symptoms often overlap with other gynecologic conditions, many women remain unaware of the issue until it is identified during an ultrasound or evaluation for menstrual abnormalities or infertility.

Endometrial polyps can vary in size—from a few millimeters to several centimeters—and may occur singly or in multiples. While some polyps may remain silent, others may interfere with implantation or contribute to fertility struggles. Early diagnosis and removal can significantly improve symptoms and reproductive outcomes.

Common Symptoms of Endometrial Polyps

  • Irregular menstrual bleeding
  • Spotting between periods
  • Heavy periods (menorrhagia)
  • Bleeding after intercourse
  • Bleeding after menopause
  • Difficulty conceiving

Diagnosis typically involves pelvic ultrasound or saline infusion sonography, which provides a clearer view of the uterine cavity. Hysteroscopy is the gold standard, allowing both confirmation and removal of the polyp in the same procedure.

Causes & Risk Factors

  • Hormonal imbalance: Excess estrogen can stimulate overgrowth of the uterine lining.
  • Age factors: More common in women between 30–50 years.
  • Obesity or metabolic issues: Can increase estrogen levels.
  • Infertility or irregular cycles: Sometimes associated with uterine changes.
  • Use of certain medications: Like tamoxifen in some cases.

Understanding these factors helps guide long-term management and prevent recurrence, especially in women with repeated bleeding issues or fertility concerns.

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on symptoms, age, and whether the woman is planning a pregnancy.

Endometrial Polyp
  • Hysteroscopic polypectomy: A minimally invasive procedure that removes the polyp with precision and minimal discomfort.
  • Hormonal therapy: Sometimes used to regulate cycles and reduce abnormal bleeding.
  • Observation: Small, symptom-free polyps may be monitored depending on patient preference.
  • Fertility-focused treatment: Removal improves chances of conception and reduces miscarriage risk.

Hysteroscopic removal is quick, safe, and does not require abdominal cuts. Most women return home the same day and experience immediate improvement in symptoms.

Benefits of Polyp Removal

  • Relief from irregular or heavy bleeding
  • Improved chances of natural conception
  • Better uterine environment for IVF or fertility treatments
  • Accurate diagnosis and prevention of recurrence
  • Minimally invasive, quick recovery procedure

Endometrial polyps are highly treatable, and timely removal can significantly improve menstrual health and fertility outcomes. With expert evaluation and advanced hysteroscopic techniques, women can expect safe treatment, quick recovery, and long-term relief from troubling symptoms.